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What we see, smell and feel

The sight of 2—4mm of dark brown crema with light hazel streaks, reddish tints and tiny compact bubbles indicates a good espresso. The crema doesn’t break up in the centre and the crown around the inner rim remains in the emptied cup.

We're all familiar with the wet aroma of the gasses released from the grounds by hot water and detected by the olfactory nerve cells in the nasal mucous gland.

Body is perceived by the mucous membranes on the surface of the tongue.
Body or ‘mouthfeel’, is the sensation of heaviness, and thickness at the back of the tongue.

Higher viscosity helps lower the surface tension of the brew. This allows the brew deeper penetration of the tastebuds.
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