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Bad coffee

Bitter coffee is overextracted if the crema is dark with a hole in the middle, or white with bubbles then it’s overextracted.

Overextraction occurs when either the water pressure or temperature is too high, or too much coffee has been used, or the coffee is too finely ground or too firmly packed, or brewing takes over 25 seconds.

Weak coffee is underextracted if the crema is white, inconsistent, thin and dissipates quickly then the brew is underextracted

Underextraction occurs when either, the water pressure or temperature is too low, or the grounds are too coarse, or less than 6g of grounds are used, or brewing takes less than 20 seconds, or the grinder discs are worn down.
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